Alaska is often called America’s last frontier, and it’s no wonder: the state is rich with wildlife and is still largely unspoiled. In northern Alaska, polar bears rule from the top of the food chain, and the Arctic Ocean teems with walruses, seals, whales, and millions of seabirds. The Arctic Ocean may be cold—or even ice-covered—most of the year, but it’s rich with life.

Like a true frontier, much of the Arctic is still unknown to scientists. Where do sea ducks go during the months of darkness and freezing weather of Arctic winters? As the sea ice melts, where do the walruses rest and care for their young? And where exactly do bowhead whales go when they migrate?

Finding out these answers is more important than ever. New oil exploration is proposed in the Arctic. How will it affect the animals? Scientists need to learn more about Arctic wildlife habitats, then share what they learn with other scientists, citizens and government decision makers. Everyone must work together to protect areas critical to Arctic wildlife.